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Sebuah karya seni abad ke-17 dari Olof Rudbeck
membedah dunia dan mengungkapkan lokasi rahasia
Atlantis. Ia dikelilingi oleh terkenal lainnya tokoh
kuno seperti Plato, Aristoteles dan Homer. |
Kebanyakan teori-teori mengusulkan bahwa Atlantis terletak di Mediterania, karena sebagian besar dipengaruhi oleh lokasi geografis Mesir dari mana cerita itu diduga berasal. Salah satu teori yang paling masuk akal adalah teori yang mengatakan bahwa atlantis terletak di sekitar pulau krete dan santorini.
Teori yang mengatakan bahwa situs dari ibukota Atlantis adalah Thera (Santorini), diusulkan oleh Angelos Galanopoulos pada tahun 1960.
Disekitar kepulauan inilah Atlantis (kota bangsa Minoan) berada |
Segera setelah penemuan peradaban Minoan di Knossos, pulau Kreta oleh Sir Arthur Evans pada tahun 1900, muncullah teori yang menghubungkan lenyapnya kerajaan dengan peradaban maju ini dengan kehancuran Atlantis, diusulkan oleh KT Frost pada tahun 1913 dan ES Balch tahun 1917. Teori ini dihidupkan kembali oleh Spyridon Marinatos pada tahun 1950 dan PBS Andrews pada tahun 1967. Bukti arkeologi, seismologi, dan vulcanological yang lebih baru (argumen terbaru untuk Atlantis adalah Akrotiri telah banyak dipopulerkan di televisi dalam acara seperti acara di History Channel tentang "The Lost Word" episode "Atlantis") telah memperluas penegasan bahwa Kreta, pulau Santorini, dan peradaban Minoan adalah sama dengan deskripsi Plato tentang Atlantis.
rekonstruksi Istana Knossos. Dalam mitologi yunani istana ini diceritakan memiliki labirin bawah tanah yg dihuni oleh Minotour, mahluk setengah manusia setengah kerbau |
Puing-Puing Istana Minoan di Knossos |
* Istana Minoan dan bangunan-bangunan yang ditemukan di penggalian di Knossos, Kreta dan di Akrotiri, pulau Thera telah mengungkapkan bahwa bangsa Minoan memiliki pengetahuan teknik canggih sehingga memungkinkan mereka membangun bangunan tiga-empat lantai dengan sistem perpipaan air yang rumit, manajemen aliran udara yang maju, dan frame kayu pada dinding batu yang membuatnya tahan gempa serta toilet dengan sistem flush. Tingkat teknologi itu, konon, jauh di depan yang ditemukan di daratan Yunani dan mungkin dimanapun di dunia pada saat itu.
Singgasana di Knossos |
Plato tidak menjelaskan letusan vulkanik, meskipun peristiwa itu digambarkannya sebagai "tenggelam karena gempa bumi" atau "gempa bumi dahsyat, dan kata banjir (dalam bentuk tunggal)", namun kalimat tersebut konsisten dengan intrepretasi letusan dan tsunami yang dihasilkannya. Letusan Thera ini menghancurkan pulau itu dan mengubur bangunan lainnya sama seperti yang terjadi di pompeii. Namun tidak ditemukan korban manusia disini, diperkirakan penduduknya telah keluar dari pulau sebelum Thera meletus dahsyat.
* Plato menggambarkan tambang batu di Atlantis di mana batunya berwarna putih, yang lain hitam, dan satunya lagi adalah merah, serta menuliskan bahwa batu-batu itu digali dari pulau itu dan digunakan dalam konstruksi. Batu-batu seperti ini ditemukan di Santorini.
* Pusat metropolis Atlantis digambarkan sebagai kota yang ditata dengan cara melingkar, dikelilingi oleh tiga saluran air laut yang melingkar konsentris dan dua earth-rings, masing-masing terhubung ke laut oleh kanal yang dalam. Dermaga untuk sejumlah besar kapal, dengan jalan lintas, juga disebutkan. Para ilmuwan yang merekonstruksi bentuk pulau itu sebelum letusan telah menyimpulkan bahwa ada konfigurasi ring dengan hanya satu pintu masuk sempit ke sebuah laguna yang lebih besar dengan pulau-pulau di dalam,sebanyak yang Plato dijelaskan. Salah satu lukisan di reruntuhan Akrotiri diyakini menjadi lanskap kota. Ini menunjukkan sebuah kota besar di sebuah pulau di tengah laguna kaldera.
Ekskavasi di Akrotiri |
Fresco atau lukisan di dinding di salah satu bangunan di Akrotiri |
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Dibawah ini adalah Film documenter "The Lost World - episode Atlantis"
Dibawah ini terjemahan bahasa Inggris dari Dialog nya Plato, Timaeus dan Critias
(Plato: Kritias, 108e) "Let me begin by observing first of all, that nine thousand was the sum of years which had elapsed since the war which was said to have taken place between those who dwelt outside the Pillars of Heracles and all who dwelt within them; this war I am going to describe. Of the combatants on the one side, the city of Athens was reported to have been the leader and to have fought out the war; the combatants on the other side were commanded by the kings of Atlantis, which, as was saying, was an island greater in extent than Libya and Asia, and when afterwards sunk by an earthquake, became an impassable barrier of mud to voyagers sailing from hence to any part of the ocean."
(113e ff )"And Poseidon, receiving for his lot the island of Atlantis, begat children by a mortal woman, and settled them in a part of the island, which I will describe. Looking towards the sea, but in the centre of the whole island, there was a plain which is said to have been the fairest of all plains and very fertile. Near the plain again, and also in the centre of the island at a distance of about fifty stadia, there was a mountainnot very high on any side.
In this mountain there dwelt one of the earth born primeval men of that country, whose name was Evenor, and he had a wife named Leucippe, and they had an only daughter who was called Cleito. The maiden had already reached womanhood, when her father and mother died; Poseidon fell in love with her and had intercourse with her, and breaking the ground, inclosed the hill in which she dwelt all round, makingalternate zones of sea and land larger and smaller, encircling one another; there were two of land and three of water, which he turned as with a lathe, each having its circumference equidistant every way from the centre, so that no man could get to the island, for ships and voyages were not as yet. He himself, being a god, found no difficulty in making special arrangements for the centre island, bringing up two springs of water from beneath the earth, one of warm water and the other of cold, and making every variety of food to spring up abundantly from the soil. He also begat and brought up five pairs of twin male children; and dividing the island of Atlantis into ten portions, he gave to the first-born of the eldest pair his mother's dwelling and the surrounding allotment, which was the largest and best, and made him king over the rest; the others he made princes, and gave them rule over many men, and a large territory. And he named them all; the eldest, who was the first king, he named Atlas, and after him the whole island and the ocean were called Atlantic."
(translated by Benjamin Jowett, MIT archives)(Plato: Timaios, 25a-d) "Many great and wonderful deeds are recorded of your state in our histories. But one of them exceeds all the rest in greatness and valour. For these histories tell of a mighty power which unprovoked made an expedition against the whole of Europe and Asia, and to which your city put an end. This power came forth out of the Atlantic Ocean, for in those days the Atlantic was navigable; and there was an island situated in front of thestraits which are by you called the Pillars of Heracles; the island was larger than Libya and Asia put together, and was the way to other islands, and from these you might pass to the whole of the opposite continent which surrounded the true ocean ; for this sea which is within the Straits of Heracles is only a harbour, having a narrow entrance, but that other is a real sea, and the surrounding land may be most truly called a boundless continent. Now in this island of Atlantis there was a great and wonderful empire which had rule over the whole island and several others, and over parts of the continent, and, furthermore, the men of Atlantis had subjected the parts of Libya within the columns of Heracles as far as Egypt, and of Europe as far as Tyrrhenia. This vast power, gathered into one, endeavoured to subdue at a blow our country and yours and the whole of the region within the straits; and then, Solon, your country shone forth, in the excellence of her virtue and strength, among all mankind. She was pre-eminent in courage and military skill, and was the leader of the Hellenes. And when the rest fell off from her, being compelled to stand alone, after having undergone the very extremity of danger, she defeated and triumphed over the invaders, and preserved from slavery those who were not yet subjugated, and generously liberated all the rest of us who dwell within the pillars. But afterwards there occurred violent earthquakes and floods; and in a single day and night of misfortune all your warlike men in a body sank into the earth, and the island of Atlantis in like manner disappeared in the depths of the sea. For which reason the sea in those parts is impassable and impenetrable, because there is a shoal of mud in the way; and this was caused by the subsidence of the island."
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